Magnetic separator.



No. 823,304. PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906. ausmnsn.

MAGNETIC SBPARATOR. APPLICATION FILED DEU. 6, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Witnes5es= t Inventnr 'TIEEIEPIBK T Snyder" W %H PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906.

F. T. SEYDEE.

MAGNETIC SEPARATOK APPLIOATIO! FILED DEC. 8, 1902.

4 SHEETS-8332i 2 Inventnl" Ire 2W 6 ET. Atmrna Witnesses: M {Md a4 No. 823,304. PATENIED JUNE 12, 1906.

FLT. SNYDER.

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR. APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 6, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Witnesses Inventor Attnrn g g PATENTED JUNE 12, 1906. F. T. SNYDER. MAGNETIC SEPARATGR.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 6, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

d Inventing Ire BFBK El 33 Attu FTIEH Wrtnesses TW -M lilldlTED SiiAl ES PATENT OFFICE.

ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE SEPARATOR COMPANY, OF CHI-' (JAGO, lLLlNOlS, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

MAfiNETEC sEPARATos.

Specification of Letters Patent.

racemes June 12, 1906,

Aoolication filed December 6, 1902. Serial No. 134,117.

T (LZZ whom, 1'15 mo concern/.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK T. SNYDER,

' a citizen oi the United. States, residing at Oak Park, in the county of (Joel; and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Magnetic Separators, (Case No. 4 of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference bei ng had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in magnetic separators for the separation of material of all degrees of magnetic permeability.

Broadly stated, my invention contemplates the use of a direct-current dynamo or motor for magnetic soparatioi'i. My invenilon further includes improvements and novel features adapted to facilitate such use.

ii" the armature of a bipolar dynamo of ordinary construction have a direct electric current passed into it through the brushes and commutator in the usual way, the flow of current around the armature converts it into a magnet having a north pole along an element on one side and a south pole along an element on the opposite side. Passing around the armature in either direction from one pole to the other a neutral element is found at a position somewhere between the north and the south pole. I For one pair of poles there are two such neutral elements.

If the ari'nature be rotated while the current is passing, the poles remain fixed in position with reference to the points of contact of the brushes on the commutator regardless of the mechanical movement of the armature.

My invention contemplates the use of such a rotating armature for the netic separation.

- If a magnetically-permeable particle be applied to the north pole on the surface of the armature, it is held to the moving surface of the armature and is carried by such moving surface from one pole position to other positions of successively weakening magnetic attractiveness until it reaches the position of the neutral element, when the particle ceases to be held and is free todrop under the influence of gravity or any other force which may e acting, such as centrifugal force due to the rotation of the armature. To secure a magnetic circuit of high average permeapurpose of magof the armature b, asinay bility, I provide a field-magnet similar to the fieid-magnet of an ordinary dynamo.

My invention contemplates the use of an ari'nature Whose Winding may be supplied with current through a commutator or the use of an armature having a short-circuited Winding whereby currents set up in the shortcireuitcd winding due to the rotation of the arn'iature in a magnetic field may be utilized to magnetize the armature. mutated winding is employed the brushes may be shifted, and in case a short-circuited winding is employed the winding may be so distributed'as to cause shifting of the armature-poles from the position which they would naturally occupy due to field-magnet induction. The position of the poles may be shifted in such a way as to cause a more eflicient magnetic separation than could other-v wise be attained.

While my invention may be applied to a greatvariety of dynamos and motors by adding a proper means for feeding the. materials to be separated and for collecting the se' arated materials, it is best embodied in a 5}? name or motor constructed especially for the purpose.

Such a specific embodiment of my invention-will be understood by reference tothe accompanying drawings, in WhiOl1- Figure 1 is a view of my improved structure in side elevation. Fig. 2 is avertical central section from front to rear. Fig. 3 is a vertical section in plane of the line A A of Fig. 1. showii'ig one end of an armature employing a short-circuited winding.- Fig. 5 is a view in detail in perspective of one of the copper plates used for making winding on the armature.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the diiier'ent figures.

I have shown two similar frame-pieces a, which are spaced apart and connected by In case a com the short-circuited Fig. 4 is a perspective view in detail, 1

suitable bars a for supporting the operating parts of the machine. The armature (designated as a whole by b) is desirably composed of manifold thin disks 1), assembled-side by side and mounted on a shaft 0, journaled in suitable hearings in the frame a and provided withdrive-pulleys c and c of different size in order to produce different speeds of rotation be required.

The arm aturc b is provided with lougitudh nal grooves b for the reception of wind lugs d, said grooves separating the periphery ol? the armature into a series of teeth I), the faces of ,which are exfmsed at the periphery oi the armature. The teeth I) have sharp edges at the-opposite sides ol their laces, formed by the sides of the teeth out on lines wlu'ch are at an angle of ninety (.legrees, or tlwroabout to the lane of their laces.

T e windin s d are intended to 'lill the of wood din order to brim he outer surface of the material placed in. the grooves b cry of the commutator 2%, for the reason in the curved plane of the face ol the teeth I), so that the exterior of the armature i; may present a smooth continuous surface for the reception of the material to be separated, which is intended to be led directly thereon,

aswill hereinafter appear.

The armature-winding hereinbel'ore referred to may be either a commutatod winding or a short-circuited winding. in or so an ordinary coil-winding is employed 1 find it desirable to place brushes 7 7 about one hun-- dred and twen 'ty degrees apart on the periphheroinafter to be more fully explained. 'lhe brushes may be connected with a source ol' current, such as the generator, (d iagralnm a tically shown at 10,) or may be connected through a variable resistance, whereby the induced currents set up in the windings may be varied in strength.

'In case the short-cireuited windings are employed they are desirably made to span an arc of one hundred and twenty degrees or thereabout. The shortcircuited coils may be formed by utilizing stampings 9, such illustrated in Fig 5, which. may be bent and applied to the armature, as illustrated in lfi s atter first being lnsulated in the usual man-- I If the short-cireuitedwinding be put on so as to surround a chord of approximately one hundred and twenty degrees, it is found that on the average the coil is carrying an electric current at a tirneavhen it is usei'ul in prod noing poles in the magnet 11 1 a greater length of time than if the Windii'igs be put on diametrically. It alsopermits several windings to be arranged adjacent and without interfering,

each Winding being more useful than if it had been wound directly across the diameter of the armaturej This particular form of winding lends itself to the convenient use of the stamped forms. 1

The armature b is intended to be rotated at this p urto a suitable source of power. (Not shown.) The fieldqna'gne't is designated as a whole by season 6. It may be composed or a series of thinplates 6 of highly-porn1eable material, such as steel or iron, held snug y together by end cheek-pieces a having their faces shaped to correspond to the shape of the plates e throughout that portion against which they brim-r the said cheek-pieces a being drawn together by means of bolts ff, provided with nuts fflf, located at op osite ends of the yoke of the magnet, the t in metallic plates 0* at the free ends of the pole-pieces of the magnet being pressed into close contact by means of screws g g, engaged in an arm 9 fixed to or formed integral with the yoke of the cheek-piece e and extending at its outer end away from the cheelopiece e and. then toward the arrnalarrmslutlt c, where it is providcd with a hub g", embracing the shalt c and serving to support the held-magnet in re tary :uljustment on the shaft c. it is desir able that these cheek-pieces and the supports or eminection with the shalt be of nonanagnetic material or so arranged as not to ail'ord a path For-[the in agnotic llux. The cheek-pieces, with their arms, are similar at the opposite ends of the magnet 6, thereby forming a support for the magnet at two widely separated points on the shaft 0 to hold it accu- .rately in position withrespec to the armature. One or both of the cheelop eces is provided with a lug e, projecting outwardly therefrom, for thoreception of a screw (5", provided with adjusting-mus 0, one located above luge and the other below the lug for the purpose of adjusting the magnet e in a circular path around the surface or the armature to shift the position of the poles. The screw 6 rests on. the top of the frame a.

The pole-pieces of the magnet c are so ar-- 'lor holding the poles stationary so long as the magnet remains in any position to which it may have been fiClJUSllBd.

The preferred positionof the magnet 1s substantiallythat shown in the drawings, in

which one of itspoles is located. in iro'ximity to the horizontal Blane through *6 c axis of the armature, while the o iposite pole of the magnet is located near t is pole and above the horizontal planethrough the axis of the armature, or it may be in any osition in which it does not interfere with t 1e delivery of material to the armature or the removal of the separated portion of said material therefrom. In the form and position shown I. "find it desirable to bridge the ace between the two poles by some suitablenonmagnetic material-sueb, for example, as a piece ol' rgo 40 the she magnetic permeability armature andof w" of from the several dividers 6.5 rests in proximity Woodthe said bridge being designated the present instance by] The fieldunagnet may be energized by 'amelectric current passing from the dynamo (diagrammatically illustrated at 6) through the field-coils e c. A rheostat (shown conventionally ati) serves the purposeof regulating the strengthof current passing through the coils, whereby the strength of the poles may be varied.

. The hopperj, for receiving the material to be. fed to the magnetic field, is secured between-a pair of standards K, secured to the frame a.- The standards K also serve to sup port at l a feed-spout 112., its free end being in proximity to the top of the armature b. ireeend of thefeed-spout 1S desirably made of ironor steel, so that it will be attracted by the flux from the armature-teeth. Each tooththen as it passes the end of the spout causes a downward pull thereupon. At the inormal rate .of; rotation of the armature ;there are a certain given number of down Ward pulls perminute upon this free end of the feed-spout. 'The feeil-spout is desirably mado so that it will vibrate in resonance with the rate of impulses from the armature.

,- Thusupon the normal rotation" of the arma .turea considerable vibratory movement of the feed sp,out is setup, which Vibratory movement is useful in maintaining aneven supply of n'iaterials tothe armature. A gate gm serves to re ulate the supply of materials from the mout of the hopper.

, For receiving thematerialafter it has been separated along lines depending upon its 1 provide a series of divnlenp'lates, in the present instance four, (designated, respectively, by g, g, (f, and (1 each su ported in rocking adjustment from ff. 0 of the armature and controlled by rods 1', w, W, and 1 res ectively, leading to crank-amuse, a, 3 am 8 vmounted on the frame a. v l o IndeX-pointors't t t t are connected, respectively, with the crank-arms s, &c., their free ends passing over graduated scales designated by a, u, a and n respectively) or the purpose of determining to an exact degree the position which any one or more of the dividersshall occupy with respect to the jinaterial falling therefrom. Setescre vs o, o, o, and o are employed to lock the dividers in adjustment and to release'thenifor the purpose of adjusting. I findei tconveni'ent to support ho pers w w fhr the pur pose directing the material into bags or other suitable receptacles which may be connected with their nozzles. For the purpose of leaving the non-magnetic materialfree to fall after it reaches the point at which is unsupported by the or mature]: iind it advanta eous to cut away the face of the pole-piece of the magnet Whi ch to the horizontal plane of cheese 3 in l the axis of the arinature-for example, as

shown at m, Fig. 2---thcreby directing its surfacernore or less away from the face of the armature-as, for example, into or beyond a vertical plane tangent to the armature at this point.

In operation the clectioniagnet 6 being energized and the arn'iaturo I) set in motion the material fed directly onto the face of the armature at or near its top will be carried bv the armatu e into. the field established be tween the field-magnet and the armature,

those particles of the material which are subject to magnetic influence being held to the surface of the armature, While those which are not subject to magnetic influence will be gradually worked into an outer stratum, and, finally, when the material reaches a-horizontal plane through the axis of the particles which not attracted tothe armature will be free'to fall, while the mag netic particles will he held to the armature, according to the extent of their magnetic per meability, those which are less permeable falling as they recede from the pole of the zirmature, while those which are more strongly attracted are carried along nearer to the neutral point, and finally fall from the armature at or before the moment the neutral point is reached. It will be seen that in passing from the feed-point to the point of separation the materials pass through a field of reversed polarity, the particles passing through a neuthe armaturetral point betiv'een the pole-pieces of the licldmagnet. At,this neutral point the magnetic grip upon the permeable particles is for an instant released. This reversal "of the magnetic polarity assists in str tifying the two classes of materials before they reach the point of se aratio'n. The several dividers will direct t e particles, graded according to their magnetic permeabilities, into the hoppers to be collected in bags or other suitable receatacles.

W hen the armature is u ound with the hereinbeforc-described commutated Winding an d supplied with current from an external source or with the shortcircuited specially-arranged windings in which electric currents are induced by the rotation of the armature in. the field of the magnet, there is a tendency to form secondary poles on the armature, so that the resultant poles used in the separating of magnetic materials will be moved for .ward in the direction of rotation at distance depending on the relative strength of the poles induced by the held-magnet and the above-mentioned secondary poles. The result of this will be that the magneticparth cles will be held on the armature during a greater movement than if the eflrct of'the armature-windings were not present, and conequently there is a better opportunity for separating materials of slightly-diifcring permeabilities. Theamount that the pole can tact with or closely approaching the ole-nieces orhvvordu the rcedof rotation 1 q u L b of the armature. ItlS-tlGSll'itblt) tho-tot the time When mcteriels tlc delivered tothe surface of the drunk turethc surface olithc srmoturehe moving-in.

the shine lirection us the HHLtBI lfl-lS and st approxinmtely the same s1. ccd, With the resuit that the magnetic attraction-does not have to no against the nttrnction of gravity or frietion. At the plnce whore separation-is made the magnetic material is elrcedy in consurface of tlmnrumture, and it iscarried on the surface-oi the armature bymmgnetic attraction away'froni the non-nmgnetic materials.

its lu'nny desirable results are obtained hy the use of the srmuturem indiug, I; call special attention to the desirability of having the winding iii] the space between the teeth. I prefer to ill the spaces alhove the winding ii ush with the arms ture-surfecewith Wood or similar material. This filling may also serve to hold thewinding inplace.

In order tosvoidxuhdue heating ofthe "ormature, it is desirable to provide ventilatingslots 11', assing' 10111 the conduit 3 nenrthe center 0 thearmature.

While I have herein shown and described one pitrticulnrembodiment of my invention, it-wihbe apparent to those skilled in the art that many IlilOtlifiClittiOIlS "stn'd changes r might I l be incorporated therein Without departing from the spirit of my invention, and I do not wish to limit myself to the precise disclosure hereto-set forth but,

Having described my inventitm, I cleilnns new end desire to secure by" Letters- Patent--- 1. In a magnetic separator, the combination with n i'iel'd-megnet; of o'- hore armature, ewinrli'ngon scid 'srmoture e'da ted believe a; current induced therein by said fieldqrutg net to produce mognetic poles on said ormetureycnd means for feedingmaterials to be separated into contact with the surface of said armature,

'2. his magnetic separator, the combination with' s" fieldmisgnet, of'zi here" armature, a winding on Btid armature lei-d irtslots therein,-1nee;ns'for varying the current i in said Winding torerythe position of the oles of seida'rineture with res set to said {is d-megnet-and means for "fee ing materials between seidnut net and szudermeture on! into eon tsct'w'ltii the bare surface ofsaid M niature.

13.*lhiis ;-mognetic's'qeoreitc r, the combinaadepted to be [5% echoes tion withe fieldsmagnoty-of a-ihmre armature having a neutrclelement, :a winding ilaid will slots in saidmmmature, :arnd smcaans for ieeding materials to be separated to 'thelbaire'surfaoe of said armature. v

I 4. In a magnetic separator, thecomhination with a bare crmotur ofwa winding ilaiid in slots on said armature carrying electric current, means for rotating said armature, .8, iild-megnet for inducing poles onseiid armature lot points removed drone the po'les roduced hv said-current, :and means for ice ing materials into contact with ithe surface of said armature 5. I11 amagnetic-separatorgthe combinetion with a field-magnet, vnot 43in armature an position to be energized :by: saidfieldsmegnet,

poles on said field-magnet .epplicd to the ormature "near together .to reduce the width of the Weak field near the neutral point hetween the poles of the field-magnet, land means for feeding materials :to be separnted into-said-megneticfield:and betweemthebere surface of sold armature and saridipoles.

6. vIn a 1nagnetic-separator,(the combination with an armature, ofmeansrfor rotating said armature, a field-magnet so'orrangedlos to inducepoles on said arrnntureilessthan one-hundred and eighty-degreeszaparton one sideof the armature, andmeans-fordeeding materials to be separated between said-armature and said field-magnet L 7. In a magnetic separatoruthe-combinw tion with an armature, of meansifori rotatin said armature, a field-magnet, polesonce" held -magnet arranged anear =.together -.one above-the other at one side of themrmnture, and means for-feeding materials tolhe-rsepn rated between said 'magnet andsaidmrmature.

'8. In a magnetic separator,ithe combinationwith :m-armatnre, chin-eons for-rotetin said armature, a field-magnet,v a pole an acid field-magnetat one side. of saidsarmature in proximity to the horizontal plane of thewaxis of the armature, a second; pole on-salisd fieldmagnet at v the same sideof said ermatw'e above said horizontal:plane sndmearns for essing materials to be separated between said field magnet and said armeture 9. his magnetic sepanatorgthe comb-ins tion with a toothed er-mature, rotating said armature, .-aspout for feeding materials to be seimnated to said arrnatureyand a mass of hi h y-pefimable materieleattached to. sai dattracted by the mmatureteeth to cause the vibration 0f--S&id spout.

of inenns for 'breting 'feedsprinters/m1 10. In combinetion a field-magnet,- an\a,r-.

mature, a -wind1ng on the-ermature,. sorelatedtothe field-magnet as to generatenan 1 electric current, .seid current produeingoa. magnetic field inthe-amatureitma -in confiunction with the magnetic field of the fieldmagnet. means for the-armqtmofind means for feeding material to be separated into the field between the field-magnet and. the armature.

11. In combination, a field magnet, a wound armature so related to the field-magnet that a magnetic field is produced having a neutral element on the side of the armature away from the field-magnet, means for moving the armature and mean "ior passing ma terial to be Separated through the said magnetic field.

12. In combination, an armature provided with means for carrying electric current, means for moving the armature, a field-magnet for inducing poles in the armature adapted to act in combination with the poles produced by the current in the armature to form resultant poles, means for varying the strength of the field-magnet and hence the position of the resultant poles and means for feeding material to be separated to the ar mature.

13. In combination, a field-magnet, an armature'in position to be energized by the field-magnet, the poles-of the field-magnet being applied to the armature so near together as. to maintain amagnetic field in proximity to the armature along the interval bctween the poles of Midfield-magnet, and

meansi'or feeding material to be separated.

mto the magnetic field.

14. In combination, an armature, a fieldmagnet having its poles brought near together to produce a short magnetic circuit and means for feeding material to be separated'between the magnet and armature.

15. In combination, a fieldmagn'et, an armature so related to the field-magnet as to be energized thereby, means for moving the armature and means for feeding material to be separated between the field-magnet and armature, the poles of the fieldmagnet being arranged, the one above the horizontal plane of the axis of the armature and the other in proximity to the horizontal lane of the axis of the armature whereby t iere is first produced a stratifying e'fl'ect and then a separating effect upon the material passed between the field-magnet and armature.

16. In combination, a field-magnet, an armature in position tobe energized by the field-magnet, means for moving the armature, the two poles of the field-magnet being applied at one side to the moving armature, a bridge of non-magnetic material filling the gap between the poles and forming a continuation of the ole-surfaees and means for feeding materia {to be separated between the field-magnet and armature.

17. In combination, an armature rovided With short-circuited windings, a fiel -magnet for electrically energizing the windings, and means for feeding material to be separated into the field of the armature.

18. In combination, a wound armature provided with teeth having squared corners, the outer surface of the teeth forming a portion of the cylindrical surface of the armature, a field-magnet for magnetically energizing the armature and means I'm Feeding material to be separated onto the armature.

In witness whereof I hereunto subscribe my name this 3d (lay of December, A. D.

FREDERICK T. SNYDER. "Witnesses:

LYNN A. VVILLIAMS, HARVEY L. HANsON. 

